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Noli Me Tangere is one of the first Filipino novels written by national hero José Rizal. It is about three characters, Crisóstomo Ibarra who returns to the Philippines after many years in Europe, Esperanza (daughter of Capitán Tiago) and her step-father Simoun. The novel covers social issues such as the oppression of the Filipino people during Spanish colonial times. The title can be translated as "Touch Me Not", or more loosely as "Don't Touch Me" or "Do Not Molest Me". The novel was written in Spanish and can be seen as a counterpart to Rizal's first novel, "Noli me tangere". The title is a Latin phrase meaning "touch me not" or "do not touch my [its] body" originally from the biblical Garden of Gethsemane in the Gospel of John. In the 16th-century Italian treatise, Antonio Rocco recommended that when confronting a dangerous animal, one should say ""Non ti tocco"" ("I do not touch you," in Italian).The author uses a writing style wherein he interjects sarcastic and critical commentary on the action being described. This serves to enhance the dialogue between characters. For instance, when Ibarra and Idoña Victorina first meet: Victorina: ¿Y qué es lo que el Capitan tiene de particular? (What is it that the Captain has?) Ibarra: ¡Pues bien! Una memoria... (Well! A memory) Victorina: ¡Ah! (Ah!) Ibarra: mala (bad) (1.62-3). This last line is a criticism on the Captain's tendency to obsessively remember and talk about his own "heroic" deeds: Victorina's question and Ibarra's sarcastic response turn out to be a foreshadowing of the Captain's personality. In his analysis, the narrator maintains a sarcastic tone regarding events and characters. In the beginning of the novel, when Crisostomo Ibarra returned from his studies in Europe he wanted to help educate and liberate his countrymen by starting a school and writing a book about the Philippines. He returned home with great hopes and dreams for his countrymen, but he soon learned how difficult it would be to change the social structure of the Philippines. Ibarra knew that he would have to deal with Spanish friars and how they held power over their colonies. He ended up having an affair with Captain Tiago's daughter, Doña Victorina who was already engaged to Pedro Paterno. cfa1e77820
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